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Effects of Gender Biasness on Child Immunization in Pakistan

Received: 24 March 2015     Accepted: 24 April 2015     Published: 6 May 2015
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Abstract

The study aimed to see the gender biasness in child immunization in Pakistan. Cross sectional data were taken from the DHS (Demographic and Health Survey) of Pakistan from year 2005-2006. Study has been done in department of economics Govt. College University Faisalabad from July 2013 – November 2013. Multilogistic model was applied to see the effects of gender biasness. Mother’s age at first birth, gender of household head, gender of child, birth order was taken as independent variables. Child immunization was used as the dependent variable. It is concluded that the young mothers immunize their children more than the old mothers. Female child had less probability to get immunized than the male children. Male heads were less conscious to immunize their children than the female heads.It was recommended that the male and female should be treated equally. It was also suggested that the heads of family should be male.

Published in International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150303.19
Page(s) 231-234
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Immunization, Children, Birth Order, Family, Household Head, Gender, Mother

References
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[4] Khan, M. A., Ahmed, M., Munir, M. A., Nazir, A., Shams, N., Hussain, O., & Ahmed, R. (2006). Studyreport, evaluation of vitamin A supplementation piloting in Pakistan. UUNICEF, Micronutrient.
[5] Kidane, T., & Tekie, M. (2003). Factors influencing child immunization coverage in a rural district of Ethiopia, 2000. Ethiop.J.Health DEV, 17 (2):105-110.
[6] Hong R & Banta JE (2005). Effects of extra immunization efforts n routine immunization at district level in Pakistan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 11(4).
[7] Bonanni, P., Boccalini, S., & Hini, A. (2008). The expected impact of new vaccines and vaccination policies. J public health, 16:253-259.
[8] Hessel, L. (2008). The contribution of vaccine manufacturers to the establishment of vaccination policies. J public health 16:299-305.
[9] Tinkew, J. B., & Dejong, G. F. (2005). Do household structure and household economic resources predict childhood immunization? Evidence from Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. Population Research and Policy Review, 24:27-57.
[10] Jamil, K., Bhuiya, A., Streatfield, K., & Chakrabarty, N. (1999). The immunization programme in Bangladesh: impressive gains in coverage, but gaps remain. Health Policy and Planning, 14(1), 49-58.
[11] Patra, N. (2006). Universal immunization programme in India: The determinants of childhood immunization. Dehli School of Economics.
[12] Chowdhury, A. M. R., Bhuiya, A., Mahmad, S., Abdus Salam, A. K. M., & Karim, F. (2002). Who gets vaccinated in Bangladesh? The immunization divide. Bangladesh Health Equity Watch.
[13] Monthali,C,A. (2007).Determinants of vaccination coverage in Mulawi, Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey. Malawi Medical Journal 19(2);79 82 June 2007
[14] Samba, R. D., Pee, S. D., Berger, S. G., Martini, E., Ricks, M. O., & Bloem, M. W. (2007). Malnutrition and infectious disease morbidity among children missed by the childhood immunization program in Indonesia
[15] Pearce, A., Law, C., Elliman, D., Cole, T. J., & Bedford, H. (2008). Factors associated with uptake of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) and use of single antigen vaccines in a contemporary UK cohort: prospective cohort study. BMJ
[16] Antai, D. (2009). Inequitable childhood immunization uptake in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual determinants. BMC Infectious Diseases, 9:181.
[17] Horn, C. M. (2007). Childhood immunizations in four districts in rural Pakistan: a comparison of immunization uptake across study years (1994 and 1997) and an analysis of correlates. College of Graduate Studies and Research.
[18] Babalola, S. (2008). Determinants of the uptake of the full dose of diphtheria-pertusis-tetanus vaccines (DPT3) in Northern Nigeria: a multilevel analysis. Matern child Health J, DOI 10.1007/s10995-008-0386-5.
[19] Bhandari, P., Shrestha, S. S., & Ghimire, D. J. (2007). Sociocultural and geographical disparities in childimmunization in Nepal. Asia Pacific Population Journal, 22(1).
[20] Nath, B., Singh, J. V., Awasthi, S., Bhushan, V., Kumar, V., & Singh, S. K. (2007). A study on determinants of immunization coverage among 12-23 months old children in urban slums of Luclnow district, India. Indian J Med sci, 61(11).
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  • APA Style

    Samra Subhani, Sofia Anwar, Masood Ahmad Khan, Ghulam Jeelani, G. M. Subhani. (2015). Effects of Gender Biasness on Child Immunization in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(3), 231-234. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150303.19

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    ACS Style

    Samra Subhani; Sofia Anwar; Masood Ahmad Khan; Ghulam Jeelani; G. M. Subhani. Effects of Gender Biasness on Child Immunization in Pakistan. Int. J. Econ. Finance Manag. Sci. 2015, 3(3), 231-234. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150303.19

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    AMA Style

    Samra Subhani, Sofia Anwar, Masood Ahmad Khan, Ghulam Jeelani, G. M. Subhani. Effects of Gender Biasness on Child Immunization in Pakistan. Int J Econ Finance Manag Sci. 2015;3(3):231-234. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150303.19

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijefm.20150303.19,
      author = {Samra Subhani and Sofia Anwar and Masood Ahmad Khan and Ghulam Jeelani and G. M. Subhani},
      title = {Effects of Gender Biasness on Child Immunization in Pakistan},
      journal = {International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {231-234},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijefm.20150303.19},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150303.19},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijefm.20150303.19},
      abstract = {The study aimed to see the gender biasness in child immunization in Pakistan. Cross sectional data were taken from the DHS (Demographic and Health Survey) of Pakistan from year 2005-2006. Study has been done in department of economics Govt. College University Faisalabad from July 2013 – November 2013. Multilogistic model was applied to see the effects of gender biasness. Mother’s age at first birth, gender of household head, gender of child, birth order was taken as independent variables. Child immunization was used as the dependent variable. It is concluded that the young mothers immunize their children more than the old mothers. Female child had less probability to get immunized than the male children. Male heads were less conscious to immunize their children than the female heads.It was recommended that the male and female should be treated equally. It was also suggested that the heads of family should be male.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    T1  - Effects of Gender Biasness on Child Immunization in Pakistan
    AU  - Samra Subhani
    AU  - Sofia Anwar
    AU  - Masood Ahmad Khan
    AU  - Ghulam Jeelani
    AU  - G. M. Subhani
    Y1  - 2015/05/06
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150303.19
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150303.19
    T2  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
    SP  - 231
    EP  - 234
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2326-9561
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150303.19
    AB  - The study aimed to see the gender biasness in child immunization in Pakistan. Cross sectional data were taken from the DHS (Demographic and Health Survey) of Pakistan from year 2005-2006. Study has been done in department of economics Govt. College University Faisalabad from July 2013 – November 2013. Multilogistic model was applied to see the effects of gender biasness. Mother’s age at first birth, gender of household head, gender of child, birth order was taken as independent variables. Child immunization was used as the dependent variable. It is concluded that the young mothers immunize their children more than the old mothers. Female child had less probability to get immunized than the male children. Male heads were less conscious to immunize their children than the female heads.It was recommended that the male and female should be treated equally. It was also suggested that the heads of family should be male.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Economics ,Govt College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

  • Department of Economics ,Govt College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

  • Department of Business and Management Sciences,Government College University ,Faisalabad, Pakistan

  • Department of Economics ,Govt College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

  • Department of Urology Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan

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